1.Objectives
Basic knowledge and proper use of these hormones in the
clinic and how to avoid or decrease adverse effects. Main
physiological and pharmacological actions of adrenocortical
hormones, clinical uses ,adverse effects, and cautions.
2.Teaching content
Pharmaceutical classification, structure-activity relationship.
(1)Mineralocorticoids: pharmacological actions and clinical
uses of aldosterone.
(2)Pharmacological action of glucocorticoids.
①Physiological action: regulating metabolism of carbohydrate,
protein, lipid, water and electrolyte metabolism.
②Pharmacological action: antiinflammatory actions, immunosuppressive
effect. antitoxin actions, antishock actions, effect on
the formed elements of blood, effect on the central nervous
system. Elucidate the manifestations of these actions
and the reasons of them respectively, illustrate antiinflammatory
actions and immunosuppressive effects based on advantage
and disadvantage aspects.
(3)Mechanism of glucocorticoids: cytoplasmic receptor,
combine with DNA in the nucleus, activation of transcripition,
synthesis of new proteins.
(4)Clinical uses of glucocorticoids: severe infections,
relieve symptoms; inflammation; allergic disorders; and
autoimmune disorders; shock, hematologic diseases. Substitution
therapy, local applications for dermatogic disease.
(5)Adverse effects: similar to the symptoms of hyperfunction
of the adrenal cortex, long term administration results
in insufficiency of adrenal cortex, induce or exacerbate
infection, induce peptic ulcers, prolong wounded healing.
Caution and contraindications.
(6)Advantages and disadvantages of using glucocorticosteroids,
the severe consequence of abuse, withdrawl of steroid
therapy after long term adminsitration.
(7)Typical glucocorticoids: cortisone, hydroacortisone,
prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone
acetonide, medication.
(8)Corticotropin: pharmacological actions and clinical
uses.
Teaching hours: 3
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